辩护局限性和未来工作
Defending Limitations and Future Work
学生被问及研究的局限性，并需阐明未来研究的潜在领域或改进之处，展示对自身工作的批判性理解。
对话轮次
7
预计时长
4 分钟
场景
学术论文答辩
完整对话内容
以下是该情境的完整英语对话，包含中英文对照和重点解析
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Committee Member 1
第 1 轮
Ms. Chen, your research on novel drug delivery systems is quite comprehensive. However, could you elaborate on what you perceive as the primary limitations of your current study?
English
陈女士，您关于新型药物递送系统的研究非常全面。但是，您能否详细说明您认为当前研究的主要局限性是什么？
中文翻译
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学习者
第 2 轮
Thank you, Professor Miller. I believe one of the main limitations is the relatively small sample size used in the in-vivo trials, which might limit the generalizability of some findings. Additionally, the study was conducted over a relatively short period, preventing a full assessment of long-term stability.
English
谢谢您，米勒教授。我认为主要限制之一是体内试验中使用的样本量相对较小，这可能会限制某些发现的普遍性。此外，这项研究是在相对较短的时间内进行的，无法充分评估长期稳定性。
中文翻译
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Committee Member 2
第 3 轮
Those are valid points. Given these limitations, what specific areas do you envision for future research to address these shortcomings, or to expand upon your current findings?
English
这些都是有道理的。考虑到这些局限性，您设想未来哪些具体领域的研究可以解决这些不足，或者扩展您当前的发现？
中文翻译
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学习者
第 4 轮
Absolutely, Professor Lee. For future work, I plan to conduct larger-scale in-vivo studies with a more diverse range of subjects to enhance the statistical power. I also intend to extend the observation period to obtain data on the long-term efficacy and safety of the delivery system.
English
当然，李教授。未来的工作，我计划进行更大规模的体内研究，纳入更多样化的受试者以提高统计效力。我还打算延长观察期，以获取递送系统长期疗效和安全性的数据。
中文翻译
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Committee Member 1
第 5 轮
That sounds like a robust plan. Beyond addressing current limitations, are there any entirely new avenues of research that your current findings have opened up, perhaps in different therapeutic areas?
English
这听起来是一个强有力的计划。除了解决当前的局限性之外，您的当前研究结果是否开辟了任何全新的研究途径，或许在不同的治疗领域？
中文翻译
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学习者
第 6 轮
Yes, I believe so. The current study focused on oncology applications, but the versatility of the nanoparticle platform suggests its potential utility in other disease areas, such as targeted drug delivery for inflammatory conditions or even gene therapy. This would involve adapting the surface chemistry and payload.
English
是的，我认为是这样。目前的研究侧重于肿瘤学应用，但纳米粒子平台的通用性表明它在其他疾病领域也具有潜在用途，例如针对炎症的靶向药物递送，甚至基因治疗。这将涉及调整表面化学和有效载荷。
中文翻译
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Committee Member 2
第 7 轮
That's an ambitious and intriguing direction. It shows a good critical understanding of your work's scope and potential. Thank you, Ms. Chen.
English
这是一个雄心勃勃且引人入胜的方向。它表明您对您的工作范围和潜力有很好的批判性理解。谢谢您，陈女士。
中文翻译
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对话学习完成
结合右侧的词汇和句型解析，加深理解和记忆
重点词汇
elaborate
阐述
To explain something in more detail. Use it when asked to provide more information, like 'Could you elaborate on that point?'
中文解释
将某事解释得更详细。在被要求提供更多信息时使用，例如“能否详细阐述那个观点？”
limitations
局限性
Weaknesses or restrictions in a study or project. In academic discussions, say 'One limitation is the small sample size' to show critical thinking.
中文解释
研究或项目中的弱点或限制。在学术讨论中，说'一个局限性是样本量小'来展示批判性思维。
generalizability
generalizability
How well results from a study can apply to a larger group. Useful in research talks: 'This limits the generalizability of the findings.'
中文解释
研究结果能够应用到更大群体的程度。在研究报告中实用：‘这限制了研究结果的泛化性。’
shortcomings
缺点
Problems or weaknesses. Similar to limitations; use in responses like 'These shortcomings can be addressed in future work.'
中文解释
问题或弱点。与限制类似；在回应中使用，例如‘这些缺点可以在未来的工作中解决。’
envision
设想
To imagine or plan something for the future. In defenses, say 'I envision future research in new areas' to show forward-thinking.
中文解释
设想或规划未来某事。在辩护中，说‘我设想在新的领域进行未来的研究’以展示前瞻性思维。
robust
稳健的
Strong and reliable. Praise plans with 'That sounds like a robust plan' in formal feedback.
中文解释
强大且可靠。在正式反馈中使用“那听起来像是一个稳健的计划”来赞美计划。
versatility
多功能性
The ability to adapt or be used in many ways. In science: 'The platform's versatility allows applications in different fields.'
中文解释
适应或以多种方式使用的能力。在科学中：'平台的通用性允许在不同领域中的应用。'
avenues
途径
Paths or opportunities, often for research. Say 'New avenues of research' to discuss future directions.
中文解释
路径或机会，通常用于研究。说‘研究的新途径’来讨论未来的方向。
重点句型
"Could you elaborate on what you perceive as the primary limitations of your current study?"
"您能详细阐述一下您认为当前研究的主要局限性吗？"
重点句型
语法解析
This is a polite question to ask for more details on weaknesses. Use it in academic settings to encourage deeper explanation. 'Elaborate' means to expand, and 'perceive' shows personal view.
中文解析
这是一个礼貌地询问弱点更多细节的问题。在学术环境中使用它来鼓励更深入的解释。「Elaborate」意为扩展，「perceive」显示个人观点。
"I believe one of the main limitations is the relatively small sample size used in the in-vivo trials, which might limit the generalizability of some findings."
"我认为主要限制之一是体内试验中使用相对较小的样本量，这可能会限制一些发现的普适性。"
重点句型
语法解析
A useful response to discuss study flaws. 'I believe' softens opinion; relative clause 'which might limit' explains impact. Practice for defending research critically.
中文解析
讨论研究缺陷的有用回应。'I believe'软化了观点；关系从句'which might limit'解释了影响。批判性捍卫研究的练习。
"Given these limitations, what specific areas do you envision for future research to address these shortcomings?"
"鉴于这些限制，您设想未来研究中哪些具体领域来解决这些不足？"
重点句型
语法解析
Follow-up question linking problems to solutions. 'Given' means 'considering'; 'envision' for future plans. Use to guide discussions on improvements.
中文解析
连接问题与解决方案的后续问题。'Given' 意为 'considering'；'envision' 用于未来计划。用于指导关于改进的讨论。
"For future work, I plan to conduct larger-scale in-vivo studies with a more diverse range of subjects to enhance the statistical power."
"对于未来的工作，我计划进行更大规模的in vivo研究，使用更多样化的受试者范围，以增强统计功效。"
重点句型
语法解析
Structure for proposing next steps: Start with 'For future work, I plan to...' then explain how it fixes issues. 'Enhance' means improve; good for showing proactive thinking.
中文解析
提出下一步骤的结构：以‘对于未来的工作，我计划…’开始，然后解释它如何解决问题。'Enhance' 意思是改善；这有助于展示主动思考。
"That sounds like a robust plan. Beyond addressing current limitations, are there any entirely new avenues of research that your current findings have opened up?"
"这听起来像是一个稳健的计划。除了解决当前的限制之外，您当前的发现是否开辟了任何全新的研究方向？"
重点句型
语法解析
Positive feedback plus probing question. 'That sounds like' agrees politely; 'beyond' means in addition to. Use to extend conversation to broader ideas.
中文解析
积极反馈加探究性问题。'That sounds like' 礼貌地同意；'beyond' 意为此外。用于将对话扩展到更广泛的想法。
"The current study focused on oncology applications, but the versatility of the nanoparticle platform suggests its potential utility in other disease areas."
"本研究专注于肿瘤学应用，但纳米粒子平台的多功能性表明其在其他疾病领域的潜在效用。"
重点句型
语法解析
Explains expansion from current work. Contrast with 'but'; 'suggests' implies possibility. Useful for discussing applications in academic presentations.
中文解析
解释从当前工作的扩展。与'but'对比；'suggests'暗示可能性。在学术演示中讨论应用很有用。