应对有挑战性的批评
Responding to Challenging Criticisms
委员会成员提出一项重大批评或挑战论文的核心论点。学生必须冷静且有逻辑地捍卫自己的立场，引用证据或承认合理观点。
对话轮次
8
预计时长
4 分钟
场景
学术论文答辩
完整对话内容
以下是该情境的完整英语对话，包含中英文对照和重点解析
👨
Committee Member
第 1 轮
Ms. Chen, your methodology relies heavily on self-reported data from only two case studies. While the qualitative depth is undeniable, how do you address concerns about the generalizability of your findings? This seems to be a significant limitation, possibly undermining your core claim about widespread behavioral shifts.
English
陈女士，你的方法论严重依赖于仅两个案例研究的自我报告数据。尽管定性深度不可否认，但你如何解决对研究结果普遍性的担忧？这似乎是一个重要的局限性，可能会削弱你关于普遍行为转变的核心主张。
中文翻译
👩
学习者
第 2 轮
Thank you for that important question, Professor Davies. I understand your concern regarding generalizability. My intention with this study was not to establish statistical significant generalizability across a large population, but rather to explore the nuanced processes and mechanisms within specific contexts.
English
感谢您提出这个重要问题，戴维斯教授。我理解您对普遍性的担忧。我进行这项研究的目的不是为了在一个庞大的人口中建立统计学上的显著普遍性，而是为了探索特定背景下的细微过程和机制。
中文翻译
👩
学习者
第 3 轮
The two case studies were chosen precisely because they exemplify the extreme ends of the spectrum I'm investigating, thereby allowing for in-depth analysis of the factors at play. The thesis clearly outlines these limitations in Chapter 2, under ‘Scope and Limitations of the Study’.
English
选择这两个案例研究正是因为它们代表了我正在调查的范围的两端，从而可以深入分析其中的影响因素。论文在第二章“研究范围和局限性”中明确阐述了这些局限性。
中文翻译
👨
Committee Member
第 4 轮
I acknowledge your stated limitations in Chapter 2. However, your conclusion posits 'a model for understanding emergent behavioral patterns.' A model implies a degree of applicability beyond just these two specific cases. Can you elaborate on how you envision this model translating to other contexts, given the narrow data foundation?
English
我承认你在第二章中提出的局限性。然而，你的结论提出了“一个理解 B 行为模式的模型”。模型意味着在这些两个具体案例之外仍具有一定程度的适用性。鉴于数据基础狭窄，你如何设想该模型能够转化到其他情境？
中文翻译
👩
学习者
第 5 轮
That's a very fair point, Professor. While the empirical data is limited to these two cases, the 'model' I propose is conceptual, derived from the theoretical frameworks discussed in Chapter 1.
English
这是一个非常公正的观点，教授。尽管实证数据仅限于这两个案例，但我提出的“模型”是概念性的，源自第一章中讨论的理论框架。
中文翻译
👩
学习者
第 6 轮
It aims to provide a guiding lens for future research rather than a definitive predictor. The findings suggest hypotheses for further quantitative studies, which could then test the generalizability of these emergent patterns on a larger scale. My contribution lies in identifying the key variables and their potential interrelationships.
English
它的目的是为未来的研究提供一个指导视角，而不是一个明确的预测因子。研究结果为进一步的量化研究提供了假设，而这些研究可以在更大范围内检验这些新兴模式的普遍性。我的贡献在于识别关键变量及其潜在的相互关系。
中文翻译
👨
Committee Member
第 7 轮
I see. So, you're presenting it more as preliminary groundwork for a broader research agenda, rather than a standalone, universally applicable model. That distinction is crucial and clarifies your position. Thank you, Ms. Chen.
English
我明白了。所以，您更多地将其视为更广泛研究议程的初步基础工作，而不是一个独立的、普遍适用的模型。这种区别至关重要，并澄清了您的立场。谢谢您，陈女士。
中文翻译
👩
学习者
第 8 轮
Exactly, Professor. I believe this qualitative deep dive is a necessary precursor to more extensive quantitative investigations. Thank you for allowing me to clarify that.
English
正是如此，教授。我相信这种定性深入研究是更广泛的定量调查的必要前提。感谢您让我澄清这一点。
中文翻译
🎯
对话学习完成
结合右侧的词汇和句型解析，加深理解和记忆
重点词汇
generalizability
泛化性
This noun means how well the results of a study can be applied to a larger group or other situations. In academic defenses, use it when discussing if findings apply broadly.
中文解释
这个名词表示研究结果能够多好地应用于更大的群体或其他情境。在学术答辩中，当讨论研究发现是否具有广泛适用性时使用它。
methodology
方法论
This noun refers to the methods and processes used in research to collect and analyze data. It's common in academic talks to explain your research approach.
中文解释
这个名词指的是研究中用于收集和分析数据的各种方法和过程。在学术讨论中，解释你的研究方法很常见。
limitation
局限性
This noun describes a weakness or restriction in a study, like small sample size. Acknowledging limitations shows honesty in defenses.
中文解释
这个名词描述了研究中的弱点或限制，例如样本量小。承认局限性在答辩中显示诚实。
qualitative
定性的
This adjective describes research focused on quality, opinions, or detailed descriptions rather than numbers. Contrast it with 'quantitative' for deeper understanding.
中文解释
这个形容词描述了关注质量、意见或详细描述而非数字的研究。将它与“定量的”对比，以获得更深入的理解。
acknowledge
承认
This verb means to accept or recognize something as true, like a criticism. It's polite in discussions to say 'I acknowledge your point' to show respect.
中文解释
这个动词的意思是接受或认可某事为真，比如批评。在讨论中说‘我承认你的观点’是礼貌的，以示尊重。
elaborate
阐述
This verb means to explain something in more detail. In defenses, respond to questions with 'Let me elaborate on that' to provide clarity.
中文解释
这个动词的意思是更详细地解释某事。在辩护中，用‘让我阐述一下’来回应问题，以提供清晰度。
hypotheses
假设
This noun (plural of hypothesis) means educated guesses or ideas to be tested in research. Use it when suggesting ideas for future studies.
中文解释
这个名词（hypothesis的复数形式）意为经过教育推测或需要在研究中测试的想法。在建议未来研究想法时使用它。
preliminary
初步
This adjective means initial or early stage, not final. It's useful for describing starting research, like 'preliminary findings' in presentations.
中文解释
这个形容词表示初始或早期阶段，不是最终的。它用于描述起始研究很有用，比如演示中的‘初步发现’。
重点句型
"Thank you for that important question, Professor Davies."
"谢谢您那个重要的问题，戴维斯教授。"
重点句型
语法解析
This polite opening shows gratitude and respect when responding to a question. Use it in formal settings like defenses to start positively; it builds rapport with the audience.
中文解析
这个礼貌的开场白在回应问题时显示出感激和尊重。在像答辩这样的正式场合中使用它来积极开始；它有助于与听众建立融洽关系。
"I understand your concern regarding generalizability."
"我理解您对泛化性的担忧。"
重点句型
语法解析
This sentence acknowledges the critic's point, using 'regarding' for 'about.' It's useful for defending calmly; it shows empathy before explaining your side.
中文解析
这个句子承认了批评者的观点，使用 'regarding' 表示 'about'。它有助于冷静地辩护；在解释您的观点之前显示同理心。
"That's a very fair point, Professor."
"这是一个非常合理的观点，教授。"
重点句型
语法解析
This agrees with the criticism politely, with 'fair point' meaning reasonable. Use it to concede valid ideas, making your response collaborative and professional.
中文解析
这礼貌地同意了批评意见，其中 'fair point' 意为合理。用于承认有效想法，使您的回应更具协作性和专业性。
"The thesis clearly outlines these limitations in Chapter 2."
"该论文在第2章中清楚地概述了这些局限性。"
重点句型
语法解析
This refers to where details are explained, using 'outlines' for 'describes clearly.' It's practical for directing listeners to your work; good for structured academic responses.
中文解析
这指的是详细说明的地方，使用 'outlines' 来代替 'describes clearly'。这对于引导听众关注你的作品很实用；适合结构化的学术回应。
"It aims to provide a guiding lens for future research rather than a definitive predictor."
"它旨在为未来的研究提供一个指导性的视角，而不是一个明确的预测工具。"
重点句型
语法解析
This contrasts purposes with 'rather than,' explaining the study's goal. Useful for clarifying scope in defenses; 'guiding lens' is a metaphor for a helpful framework.
中文解析
这用'rather than'对比目的，解释研究的目標。在辩护中澄清范围很有用；'guiding lens'是一个有助于框架的隐喻。
"Thank you for allowing me to clarify that."
"感谢您让我澄清这一点。"
重点句型
语法解析
This closing thanks the questioner for the chance to explain. Use it at the end of responses to end positively; it shows appreciation in formal interactions.
中文解析
这个结尾感谢提问者提供了解释的机会。在回答的结尾使用它，以积极的方式结束；它在正式互动中显示欣赏。