证据出示与数据解读
Evidence Presentation & Data Interpretation
辩论者出示研究成果、统计数据、专家意见和实际案例来支持其主张并解读复杂数据。
对话轮次
9
预计时长
4 分钟
场景
政策辩论讨论
完整对话内容
以下是该情境的完整英语对话，包含中英文对照和重点解析
👨
Economist A
第 1 轮
Good morning, everyone. To start, I'd like to present some key findings from Dr. Anya Sharma's recent econometric analysis on the proposed universal basic income policy. Her data clearly indicates a 1.5% decrease in the national poverty rate over a five-year projection.
English
大家早上好。首先，我想展示一下阿尼亚·夏尔马博士最近对拟议的普遍基本收入政策进行的计量经济学分析的一些关键发现。她的数据显示，在五年预测期内，国家贫困率将下降1.5%。
中文翻译
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Policy Analyst
第 2 轮
Thank you, Dr. Lee. Could you elaborate on the methodology Dr. Sharma employed? Specifically, what counterfactuals were used to isolate the UBI's impact from other economic variables?
English
谢谢李博士。您能详细说明夏尔马博士采用的方法吗？具体来说，使用了哪些反事实来隔离全民基本收入对其他经济变量的影响？
中文翻译
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Economist A
第 3 轮
Certainly. Her study utilized a difference-in-differences approach, comparing a control group in a region without UBI implementation to the target areas. Furthermore, they controlled for macroeconomic trends like inflation and employment rates.
English
当然。她的研究采用了双重差分法，将未实施全民基本收入的地区的对照组与目标地区进行比较。此外，他们还控制了通货膨胀和就业率等宏观经济趋势。
中文翻译
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Social Researcher
第 4 轮
While statistical significance is important, I'd like to draw your attention to a qualitative aspect. We interviewed 50 low-income families in a pilot UBI program. Over 70% reported reduced stress and improved household stability, which isn't always captured by economic models.
English
虽然统计学意义很重要，但我想请大家注意一个定性方面。我们采访了50个参与全民基本收入试点项目的低收入家庭。超过70%的人表示压力减轻，家庭稳定性提高，这在经济模型中并不总能体现出来。
中文翻译
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Economist B
第 5 轮
That's a valuable point. However, looking at the full spectrum of data, the cost-benefit analysis from the Treasury's report projects a significant increase in national debt—around 0.8% of GDP annually. How do we reconcile the positive social outcomes with these fiscal realities?
English
这是一个很有价值的观点。然而，从数据的全貌来看，财政部报告中的成本效益分析预测国家债务将大幅增加，每年约占GDP的0.8%。我们如何调和积极的社会成果与这些财政现实？
中文翻译
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Economist A
第 6 轮
That Treasury projection, if I may interject, has been criticized for not fully accounting for potential long-term savings. For instance, the projected reduction in crime rates and healthcare costs, as evidenced by similar programs in Finland and Canada, could offset a portion of that initial outlay.
English
恕我插一句，财政部的那个预测，因未充分考虑潜在的长期节约而被批评。例如，芬兰和加拿大类似项目的证据表明，犯罪率和医疗成本的预计下降可以抵消一部分初始支出。
中文翻译
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Policy Analyst
第 7 轮
Indeed, those are external validities worth considering. Dr. Chen, your research focused on labor market participation post-UBI. What do your findings suggest regarding the 'disincentive to work' argument?
English
确实，这些都是值得考虑的外部有效性。陈博士，您的研究集中于全民基本收入后的劳动力市场参与。您的发现对“工作动力不足”的论点有何启示？
中文翻译
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Social Researcher
第 8 轮
Our longitudinal study, spanning three years, observed no significant decrease in full-time employment among UBI recipients. In fact, many leveraged the stability to pursue higher education or vocational training, leading to upward mobility rather than withdrawal from the workforce. The data doesn't support the disincentive claim.
English
我们为期三年的纵向研究发现，全民基本收入的受助者全职就业率没有显著下降。事实上，许多人利用这种稳定性来追求高等教育或职业培训，从而实现向上流动，而不是退出劳动力市场。数据不支持这种不鼓励工作的说法。
中文翻译
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Economist B
第 9 轮
That's compelling evidence. So, if we look at the combined qualitative and quantitative data, it suggests the financial concerns, while real, might be partially mitigated by broader societal benefits that are harder to quantify upfront.
English
这是很有说服力的证据。所以，如果我们综合定性和定量数据来看，它表明财政担忧虽然真实存在，但可能通过更广泛的社会效益得到部分缓解，而这些效益很难预先量化。
中文翻译
🎯
对话学习完成
结合右侧的词汇和句型解析，加深理解和记忆
重点词汇
elaborate
阐述
To explain something in more detail. Use it when you want someone to provide additional information in a discussion.
中文解释
将某事解释得更详细。在讨论中，当你希望某人提供额外信息时使用。
methodology
方法论
The methods or techniques used in a research study. It's a formal word often used in academic or professional talks about how data was collected.
中文解释
研究中使用的方法或技术。这是一个正式的词，常用于学术或专业讨论中关于数据如何被收集的。
counterfactuals
反事实
Hypothetical scenarios that show what might have happened without a certain action or policy. Useful in debates to discuss 'what if' situations in data analysis.
中文解释
展示如果没有某些行动或政策可能发生什么的假设情景。在数据分析中讨论'如果'情况的辩论中很有用。
control group
对照组
A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment, used for comparison. Common in scientific discussions to explain research design.
中文解释
实验中不接受处理的组，用于比较。在科学讨论中常见，用于解释研究设计。
qualitative
定性的
Relating to qualities or descriptions, not numbers, like opinions or experiences. Contrast it with 'quantitative' for non-numerical data in debates.
中文解释
与品质或描述相关，而不是数字，例如意见或经历。在辩论中，与'quantitative'相对比，用于非数值数据。
longitudinal study
纵向研究
A research method that follows the same subjects over a long period to observe changes. Useful for discussing ongoing research in policy talks.
中文解释
一种跟踪同一对象在较长时期内以观察变化的研究方法。在政策讨论中讨论正在进行的研究很有用。
disincentive
抑制因素
Something that discourages or reduces motivation to do something, like work. Often used in economic debates about policies affecting behavior.
中文解释
某种阻碍或降低做某事（如工作）动力的东西。常用于经济学辩论中，讨论影响行为的政策。
compelling
令人信服的
Very convincing or persuasive. Use it to describe strong evidence or arguments in discussions to show agreement on its power.
中文解释
非常有说服力或说服性的。用它来描述讨论中强有力的证据或论点，以显示对其力量的同意。
mitigate
缓解
To make something less severe or harmful. Practical in debates when discussing how to reduce negative effects of a policy.
中文解释
使某事物变得不那么严重或有害。在讨论如何减少政策负面影响的辩论中实用。
interject
插话
To interrupt a conversation to add a comment. Polite way to say something during someone else's turn in a formal discussion.
中文解释
中断对话以添加评论。在正式讨论中，在他人发言时说些什么的礼貌方式。
重点句型
"Could you elaborate on the methodology Dr. Sharma employed?"
"您能详细阐述一下Dr. Sharma采用的方法论吗？"
重点句型
语法解析
This is a polite way to ask for more details about a method used. Useful in debates or meetings to seek clarification; it uses 'could you' for politeness and 'elaborate on' to mean explain further.
中文解析
这是请求更多关于所用方法细节的礼貌方式。在辩论或会议中用于寻求澄清有用；它使用'could you'来表示礼貌，使用'elaborate on'来表示进一步解释。
"Certainly. Her study utilized a difference-in-differences approach..."
"当然。她的研究采用了差分-差分方法..."
重点句型
语法解析
A formal response agreeing to explain something. 'Certainly' means 'of course' politely; 'utilized' is a synonym for 'used,' showing academic language for describing research methods.
中文解析
一种同意解释某事的正式回应。“Certainly”礼貌地表示“当然”；“utilized”是“used”的同义词，用于描述研究方法的学术语言。
"While statistical significance is important, I'd like to draw your attention to a qualitative aspect."
"虽然统计显著性很重要，但我想请您注意一个定性方面。"
重点句型
语法解析
This transitions from one point to another by acknowledging agreement first ('while'). Useful for introducing a new idea in debates; 'draw your attention to' means to focus on something specific.
中文解析
这通过首先承认同意（'while'）从一个点过渡到另一个点。在辩论中引入新想法很有用；'draw your attention to' 意味着关注特定事物。
"How do we reconcile the positive social outcomes with these fiscal realities?"
"我们如何将积极的社会成果与这些财政现实调和起来？"
重点句型
语法解析
A question to connect opposing ideas. 'Reconcile' means to make compatible; great for policy discussions to challenge or explore balance between benefits and costs.
中文解析
一个连接对立观点的问题。'Reconcile' 意为使之兼容；非常适合政策讨论，用于挑战或探索利益与成本之间的平衡。
"That Treasury projection, if I may interject, has been criticized for not fully accounting for potential long-term savings."
"那个财政部的预测，如果我可以插话的话，已经因没有充分考虑潜在的长期节省而受到批评。"
重点句型
语法解析
Polite interruption with 'if I may interject.' Useful in group talks to add a counterpoint; it shows respect while inserting your view, common in formal debates.
中文解析
用'如果我可以插话的话'进行的礼貌打断。在小组讨论中用于添加反驳点很有用；它在插入你的观点时显示尊重，在正式辩论中很常见。
"What do your findings suggest regarding the 'disincentive to work' argument?"
"您的研究结果对‘工作动机缺失’论点有何启示？"
重点句型
语法解析
Asks for implications of research on a specific topic. 'Regarding' means 'about'; this structure is practical for academic Q&A, using quotes for key terms.
中文解析
询问研究对特定主题的含义。'Regarding' 意为 'about'；这种结构适用于学术问答，使用引号突出关键术语。
"The data doesn't support the disincentive claim."
"数据不支持抑制性主张。"
重点句型
语法解析
A clear conclusion based on evidence. Simple present tense for general truths; useful to refute an argument in debates, emphasizing facts over opinions.
中文解析
基于证据的明确结论。简单现在时用于一般真理；在辩论中用于反驳论点，强调事实而非意见。
"So, if we look at the combined qualitative and quantitative data, it suggests the financial concerns might be partially mitigated by broader societal benefits."
"所以，如果我们查看结合的定性和定量数据，它表明财务担忧可能部分被更广泛的社会利益所缓解。"
重点句型
语法解析
Summarizes by combining ideas with 'so' and conditional 'if.' 'Mitigated by' explains reduction; ideal for wrapping up discussions, showing balanced analysis.
中文解析
通过用 'so' 和条件 'if' 结合想法来总结。'Mitigated by' 解释减少；理想用于结束讨论，展示平衡分析。